✨💡 Unique opinions held by the Hanbali school (المُفْرَدَات)

Keys To Fiqh | T.me/K2Fiqh | #K2FiqhNotes6

Knowing the Mufradāt المُفْرَدَات (or Hanbali-exclusive rulings) of the Hanbali Madhhab is fundamental for the development of Hanbali disciples. This science is usually studied after mastering the issues within the school of thought. It is considered to be the initial stage of learning the differences between the Madhāhib or الخلاف العالي found in “stage 3” as mentioned in #K2FiqhNotes4.

What is it exactly? It is Fiqh issues followed by the Hanbali school that differ with the “Mashoor” or famous opinions held by the other schools. Note that this unique position could be a second or third opinion held by another Madhhab (ex: an older opinion of Shafi’ee).

How did it come into existence? In the introduction of Sh. Muhammad b. Ali al-Umary al-Maqdisi’s (820h) famous 1000 line poem about the Mufradāt, he stated,

واعلم بأن أصحابنا قد صنفوا … في المفردات جملا وألفوا

لكنهم لم يقصدوا هذا النمط … بل قصدوا الرد على الكيا فقط

Meaning, the Hanbalis authored in this field as a response to the great scholar “ilkiya” (meaning al-Kabeer) Ali b. Muhammad al-Harrās (504h) – who was the Imam of the Shafi’ee scholars during his time. 

ilkiya stated (in short) that the Hanbali Madhhab wasn’t an independent Madhhab. Instead, it was essentially the Shāfi’ee Madhhab with edits of a few different issues that were considered to be weak.

After hearing that, the Hanbali scholars decided to refute this doubt. They began authoring/composing works mentioning the issues where the Hanābilah differed along with its evidences, strength/validity, and weakness of the other positions (there are some books that simply mention the issues without these details). Plenty of these texts were authored during the time of al-Qādhi Abu Ya’laa’s students. There were numerous works in this field and among the more famous ones: 

1. al-Mufradāt by Abu Ya’laa as-Sagheer

2. al-Mufradāt الانتصار في المسائل الكبار by Abu Khateeb

3. al-Mufradāt by Abul Wafaa b. Aqeel al-Baghdādi

4. The poem mentioned above by al-Umary. Sh. Mansur al-Buhutī actually has an explanation of it in 2 volumes entitled المنح الشافيات بشرح مفردات الإمام أحمد. It was checked/edited by our beloved Shaykh Abdullah al-Mutlaq حفظه الله. Many scholars recommend memorizing this poem.

5. There is also a wonderful contemporary work under the supervision of Sh. Abdullah b. Sa’d ar-Rasheed حفظه الله entitled المفردات في مذهب الحنابلة in 10 vols. It comprises of a total of 7 dissertations (5 doctorates’ and 2 masters’).

You also find al-Mardaawi giving attention to the Mufradāt in al-Insāf.

Just as the Shāfi’ee scholars are known for their works on الأشباه والنظائر, the Hanbalis are known for المفردات. May Allah have mercy on all of these scholars and grant them the highest abode in Paradise for their efforts in aiding us to worship Allah upon correct knowledge.

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✍️ Abu Awzaa’ee Abdus-Salaam al-Makki al-Hanbali

🕋 Makkah al-Mukarramah حرسها الله

🗓 18th of Shawwaal, 1441 (6/10/2020 CE)

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